碳对一种单晶镍基高温合金铸态组织的影响

研究了不同碳含量对一种单晶镍基高温合金的铸态组织的影响。结果表明:随着碳含量的增加,合金的初熔温度逐渐降低,合金中的共晶数量和尺寸也减少。随着碳含量的增加,合金中的碳化物数量逐渐增多,碳化物的形态从斑点状变为斑点状和骨架状相结合的网状结构。随着碳含量的增加,一次枝晶间距变化较大,但是二次枝晶间距变化不大,W和Al元素的偏析降低,Ta和Mo元素的偏析增大。     

High-temperature oxidation of titanium carbide in oxygen

The kinetics of titanium carbide oxidation in oxygen over the temperature range of 600–1200°C and oxygen pressure from 0.1 to 740 Torr have been studied with a vacuum microbalance. Layer-by-layer x-ray analysis, petrography, metallography, and gas chromatography have been used to analyze the oxidation products. A paralinear nature of the oxidation of material was established, and the rate constants of the process were calculated for the corresponding parabolic and linear portions of the kinetic curves. It was shown that a gaseous product, CO₂, formed, as well as a solid product, TiO₂ (rutile), both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric. The lower oxides, Ti₃O₅, Ti₂O₃, TiO, were noted in the scale at temperatures from 700 to 800° and low oxygen pressures, their relative quantity rising with decreasing pressure. Based on x-ray analysis and microhardness measurements, it was concluded that titanium oxicarbides formed in the TiC, directly adjacent to the scale. A possible oxidation mechanism of titanium carbide is proposed.     

Fe掺杂对Bi2Sr2Co2Oy热电性能和自旋关联的影响

采用固相合成法制备出系列Fe掺杂的Bi2Sr2Co2Oy，样品，并对样品进行XRD分析，电阻率（p）、热电势（固和顺磁共振研究。结果表明：Fe掺杂浓度x≤0．3时样品基本为单相。Fe掺杂使体系的电阻率略微增大，热电势显著升高，这可能与Fe掺杂降低了空穴载流子浓度有关。Fe掺杂浓度x=0．05样品获得最大的功率因子（power factor，S^2／P）。顺磁共振结果显示，不掺Fe的样品有着较强的顺磁共振（ESR）信号，随着Fe含量的增加，ESR信号向低频方向移动，并逐渐宽化减弱直至消失。这表明Fe掺杂改变了体系的自旋关联状态，占据了Co位参与了Co—O—Co之间的自旋关联。研究结果表明合适的元素掺杂可以有效地调整体系的自旋关联状态，改善材料的热电性能。     

Production of submicrocrystalline structure in large-scale Ti–6Al–4V billet by warm severe deformation processing

The “abc” deformation method for production of large-scale billets with submicrocrystalline structure was developed. A large billet of Ti–6Al–4V alloy (150-mm diameter × 200-mm length) with a homogeneous submicrocrystalline structure was produced. The refined structure with a grain/subgrain size of about 0.4 μm leads to a substantial mechanical properties improvement.     

机械能辅助渗铝工艺及渗铝层性能研究

机械能辅助渗铝是将机械能与热能相结合一种新渗铝工艺,可以将渗铝温度降低到560～650 ℃.本文通过实验对机械能辅助渗铝工艺进行了研究,对主要工艺参数进行了优化,获得了组织致密、渗层厚度≥60 μm、以Fe2Al5相为主要组成相的渗铝层,并研究了渗铝钢的抗高温氧化性能及机械性能.     

Effect of temperature and moisture on electrical conductivity in polyaniline/polyurethane (PANI/PU) blends

Miscible blend of conductive polyaniline/polyurethane (PANI/PU) showed preferable electrical property at low percolation threshold compared to immiscible blend of PANI/polystyrene-isoprene-copolymer (PANI/SIS) and carbon black/PU composite (CB/PU). The time dependence of the electrical conductivity was investigated with these samples aged under different humidity and temperatures. The electrical conductivity of PANI/PU (11.5/88.5, v/v) decreased with aging time and the morphology changed with time in the coexistence of high moisture and high temperature. After the aging treatment, the film of the miscible blend was re-dissolved and re-cast. The morphology and electrical conductivity were found to recover to the same state as the original film. In addition, the recovery mechanism of the morphology and the conductivity was also proposed here.     

Peculiarities of electroplating tantalum coatings from fluoride melts

Electroplating tantalum coatings on molybdenum, copper, and steel is studied. The effects of various factors (the composition of a fluoride bath, its temperature, current density, and the electric charge spent) on the electrocrystallization of the deposit, its roughness, the degree of dendrite formation, current efficiency, and a possibility to plate multilayer coatings and produce tantalum wares by electrotyping are investigated. To compare the characteristics of the coatings, the studies in a standard chloride-fluoride salt system containing potassium fluorotantalate (K₂TaF₇) were also carried out under similar conditions. Original Russian Text ? V.A. Pavlovskii, 2007, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 303–306.     

混凝土裂缝化学灌浆压力模拟与合适压力探讨

在混凝土裂缝灌浆过程中,为了解灌浆压力在裂缝中的分布情况,将混凝土裂缝化学灌浆看作一个流体力学问题来求解。根据流体力学的基本原理,采用目前国际上广泛应用的fluent软件,对灌浆过程中裂缝不同部位的压力分布状况进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在不同灌浆方式和离灌浆口不同距离的条件下,灌浆压力的沿程衰减和压力大小是不同的,据此对合适灌浆压力进行了探讨。该成果可在一定程度上用于指导灌浆施工。     

索风营水电站右岸地下厂房洞室群围岩稳定数值模拟

为判断索风营水电站右岸地下厂房洞室群围岩稳定性,采用自主研制的三维弹塑性有限元程序对该地下厂房洞室群岩体初始应力场、开挖方案、开挖过程、加固措施、围岩应力及变形等方面进行了数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明,该地下厂房洞室群围岩稳定性整体较好,可为工程设计与施工提供指导.